Condo special assessments: what they are, when to use them, and how to avoid them

Last updated 2026-07-24

What is a condo special assessment and when does a board levy one?

A special assessment is a mandatory, one-time fee charged to every unit owner to cover a specific expense the association's operating budget or reserves can't pay. Florida Statutes §718.116(10) authorizes boards to levy special assessments for any valid association purpose, but requires 14 days' written notice to all owners before collection begins ^[1]. Boards levy special assessments most often when reserves are depleted or waived and the building faces a large repair: a new roof, balcony structural work mandated by a milestone inspection, or emergency storm damage. The Surfside collapse and subsequent legislation accelerated the problem. Many Florida condos voted to waive or underfund reserves for decades, and now milestone and SIRS inspection deadlines expose deferred maintenance that can't wait. Special assessments differ from regular monthly assessments (sometimes called maintenance fees or HOA dues). Regular assessments cover day-to-day operating costs and, if the board fully funds reserves, contributions to a savings account for future capital work. A special assessment is a one-time bill on top of the regular monthly amount. The practical trigger is simple: the engineer's report says the building needs $3 million in structural repairs by December, the reserve account has $400,000, and the board has to find the difference. That shortfall becomes a special assessment divided among all owners, usually by unit share or square footage as defined in the declaration.

Who votes on a special assessment and what are the approval rules?

Florida law distinguishes emergency from non-emergency special assessments. For an emergency that poses an immediate danger to health, safety, or property, the board can levy the assessment without a membership vote under §718.1265(1)(a) ^[1]. The statute defines emergency narrowly: imminent collapse, fire, flood, or similar peril. For all non-emergency special assessments, the board must obtain approval from a majority of voting interests (owners) at a duly noticed meeting, unless the association's declaration or bylaws require a higher threshold ^[1]. Many older Florida condo documents require two-thirds or even 75 percent approval for assessments above a dollar cap, so always check your governing documents before the vote. In practice, boards schedule a special meeting, mail formal notice with the assessment amount and purpose at least 14 days in advance, present the engineer's report or contractor bids, and hold a vote. Quorum failures are common in large associations; if you can't get enough owners to show up or submit proxies, the assessment can't pass and the board is stuck. Some associations have taken multiple runs at the same vote, or split a large project into smaller phases to stay under a declaration's dollar threshold. Once approved, the assessment becomes a lien on every unit. Owners who don't pay face the same collection remedies as unpaid monthly assessments: late fees, interest, lien foreclosure, and personal liability for the association's attorney fees under §718.116(3) ^[1].

How much does a typical special assessment cost per unit?

There's no typical number because the cost depends on the project size and the number of units sharing it. A $2 million roof replacement in a 200-unit building is $10,000 per unit if divided equally. The same roof in a 50-unit building is $40,000 per unit. Real examples from post-Surfside Florida show the range. Small to mid-size buildings (under 100 units) facing structural repairs from milestone inspections have levied assessments between $15,000 and $80,000 per unit. Larger buildings with better reserve histories and more units to share the load have stayed under $10,000 per unit for similar work. In a handful of cases, older high-rises with decades of deferred maintenance and no reserves have hit six figures per unit, forcing sales and financial hardship. The reserve study for condo association process estimates these costs years in advance. A competent reserve study lists every major component (roof, elevators, balconies, pool deck, seawall), its remaining useful life, and replacement cost. If the study shows you need a $3 million roof in five years and you have $200,000 in reserves today, the board knows it must either raise monthly reserve contributions or plan for a roughly $2.8 million special assessment in 2030. Florida law now requires full funding or pooled cash reserves for buildings three stories or taller, so the scale of future special assessments should shrink. But for associations that waived reserves for years under the old statute, the first post-waiver assessment is often the largest single bill owners have ever faced.

Are HOA or condo special assessments tax-deductible for unit owners?

No. Special assessments paid by condo or HOA unit owners are not tax-deductible on a federal income tax return if the property is the owner's primary residence ^[2]. The IRS treats special assessments the same as regular HOA dues: a personal expense for maintaining your home, not a deductible cost. If the unit is a rental property, the picture changes. Landlords may deduct special assessments as a rental expense on Schedule E, just as they deduct mortgage interest, property taxes, and repairs. The assessment must be ordinary and necessary for the production of rental income ^[2]. Consult a CPA; the IRS sometimes distinguishes between assessments for repairs (deductible in the year paid) and assessments for capital improvements (added to the property's basis and depreciated over 27.5 years). The association itself, as a not-for-profit corporation, generally does not pay income tax on assessment revenue. Florida Statutes §718.111(1) and IRS guidance treat timely-paid assessments as contributions to capital, not taxable income ^[3]. Late fees and interest charged to delinquent owners may be taxable, as are certain other revenue streams like rental income or interest on reserves, but the special assessment itself is not. Owners sometimes ask if they can deduct the special assessment as a casualty loss (for storm damage) or a charitable contribution (because the condo is a nonprofit). Both fail. Casualty loss deductions under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act are now limited to federally declared disaster areas and even then only to the extent losses exceed insurance reimbursement ^[2]. Condo associations are not 501(c)(3) charities; they're mutual benefit corporations, so no charitable deduction applies.

What is a reserve study and why does it matter for special assessments?

A reserve study is a long-term financial and physical analysis of a condominium's common elements, produced by a licensed engineer or reserve specialist. The study identifies every major component the association is responsible to maintain, estimates its remaining useful life and replacement cost, and calculates the annual reserve contribution needed to pay for all those replacements without a special assessment. Florida Statutes §718.112(2)(g) now requires condominium associations in buildings three stories or taller to conduct a reserve study at least every ten years, and to update it annually with a review of any changes in cost or condition ^[1]. The first study must be complete by December 31, 2024, for most buildings; some older buildings had an earlier deadline tied to their milestone inspection date. A full reserve study has two parts. The physical analysis is a site visit by an engineer who inventories the building's roof, structural elements, plumbing risers, elevators, pool equipment, seawalls, and any other capital asset. The engineer estimates the remaining useful life of each component (the roof has seven years left, the elevators twelve) and the replacement cost in dollars. The financial analysis takes those numbers and calculates how much the association must contribute to reserves each month to have the money on hand when each component reaches the end of its life ^[4]. The result is a funding plan. If the board follows it, special assessments become rare. When the roof actually fails in year seven, the reserve account has the full replacement cost sitting in the bank. If the board ignores the study and continues to waive or underfund reserves, the reserve account stays near zero and every major repair triggers a special assessment. For Florida boards facing milestone inspections or SIRS deadlines, the reserve study is also a compliance document. The milestone or SIRS engineer will identify structural repairs the building must complete within a statutory window. The reserve study shows whether the association has the cash to pay for those repairs or whether a special assessment is coming. Many boards now schedule the reserve study and the milestone inspection in the same year so the two reports inform each other.

How much does a reserve study cost?

A full reserve study for a mid-rise Florida condo (50 to 150 units, three to ten stories) typically costs between $2,500 and $7,500, depending on building complexity, the number of components, and whether the study includes a site visit or relies on document review and prior inspection reports ^[4]. Larger buildings or those with unusual components like marinas, tennis courts, or multiple pools can reach $10,000. The cost breaks into two pieces: the physical inspection by a licensed engineer ($1,500, $4,000) and the financial modeling by a reserve specialist ($1,000, $3,500). Some firms bundle both services and offer a discount. Others are engineers who subcontract the financial piece or financial analysts who hire an engineer for the site visit. Annual updates cost less, usually $500 to $1,500, because the analyst reviews the prior study, adjusts for inflation and any new maintenance, and reruns the funding model. Florida law allows an association to update the study without a new site visit as long as the board certifies in writing that no material changes have occurred since the last full physical inspection ^[1]. Compared to the cost of a surprise special assessment, the reserve study is a bargain. A $5,000 study that prevents a $2 million underfunded repair pays for itself immediately. The real cost is not doing the study: boards that skip it or ignore its recommendations end up levying much larger special assessments years later when the deferred maintenance becomes an emergency. BoardDeadline's one-time $199 Board Compliance Kit helps boards organize the reserve study procurement alongside milestone or SIRS inspections, track the statutory deadlines, and communicate the results to owners in plain language. The kit doesn't replace the engineer or reserve specialist, but it keeps the whole process on schedule so the board has time to plan financing before a deadline hits.

How much should an HOA or condo have in reserves?

Florida law now requires condominium associations in buildings three stories or taller to maintain reserves sufficient to fund the future repair or replacement of all common-element components with an estimated cost over $10,000 ^[1]. The association must pool and hold these reserves in a separate interest-bearing account; it cannot waive or reduce reserve funding without a supermajority vote of the owners, and even then only if the building is fewer than three stories or does not require a milestone inspection ^[1]. The practical answer is: the association should have in reserves whatever its reserve study says is necessary to meet the funding plan. A well-funded reserve account at any given time equals the sum of the accumulated contributions to date, plus interest, minus any withdrawals for actual component replacements. Reserve specialists measure this as percent funded: the ratio of current reserves to the fully funded balance the study recommends. Anything above 70 percent funded is considered healthy; below 50 percent is a red flag that special assessments are likely ^[4]. For a typical 100-unit, seven-story Florida condo built in the 1980s, a reserve study might show the building needs $4 million in total reserves over the next 30 years to replace the roof, re-pipe the building, replace elevators, and rebuild balconies. If the building is 15 years into that 30-year cycle and has followed the funding plan, it should have roughly $2 million in reserves. If it has $200,000 because it waived funding for a decade, it's 10 percent funded and a large special assessment is coming. The statutory shift in Florida means every three-story-plus building must reach 100 percent funded reserves by the time each component is due for replacement. Boards that start from zero face a painful ramp: monthly reserve contributions that double or triple the old budget, or a one-time special assessment to catch up. Some associations have opted for a hybrid: a moderate special assessment to bring reserves to 50 percent funded, then higher monthly contributions to reach 100 percent over five years. Homeowner associations (HOAs) managing single-family or townhome communities with no multi-story buildings are not subject to the same reserve mandate, but sound financial practice says they should still maintain reserves for major common elements like roads, gates, pools, and clubhouses. The HOA reserve study works the same way as a condo reserve study; the HOA board just has more flexibility under Florida law to waive or underfund if the members vote for it.

What is an HOA assessment and how does it differ from a condo assessment?

An HOA assessment is the periodic fee (usually monthly or quarterly) that a homeowner association charges each member to cover the association's operating expenses and, if applicable, contributions to reserves. The term "assessment" in this context means the same thing as condo maintenance fees or dues: it's the owner's share of the collective cost of maintaining common property. Florida Statutes ch. 720 governs homeowner associations. Section 720.308(1)(a) requires the HOA board to prepare an annual budget and levy assessments sufficient to fund it, apportioned among the members according to the declaration ^[5]. The declaration (the recorded covenant document) specifies how assessments are divided: equal per lot, by lot size, by home square footage, or some other formula. The legal mechanics are nearly identical to condos. Regular assessments are mandatory, become a lien if unpaid, and can be foreclosed. Special assessments for one-time expenses require membership approval (usually majority vote) unless the governing documents allow the board to levy smaller amounts unilaterally ^[5]. The practical difference is in what the assessments pay for. Condo associations own and maintain the building structure, so assessments cover roof, foundation, exterior walls, corridors, elevators, and all building systems. HOA assessments typically cover only genuinely common areas: roads, street lights, landscaping at entrances, pools, and clubhouses. Homeowners are responsible for their own roofs, foundations, and exterior maintenance. Because the HOA's maintenance burden is lighter, monthly assessments in an HOA are usually lower than in a mid-rise condo, often $100 to $400 per month versus $400 to $800 or more in a coastal condo tower. Special assessments in HOAs are less frequent but still happen. A gate motor fails, a community road needs repaving, or a hurricane tears up the landscaping. If the HOA has no reserves or underfunded reserves, the board levies a special assessment and owners get a bill. The same reserve study discipline that helps condos avoid surprise bills applies to HOAs.

Can you avoid or reduce a special assessment once the board levies it?

As an individual owner, no. Once the board or membership has approved a special assessment and provided the required 14-day notice, every owner is obligated to pay their share. The assessment becomes a lien against the unit, and the association can foreclose or sue for a money judgment if you don't pay ^[1]. Arguing that you didn't vote for it, don't use the amenity being repaired, or can't afford it does not relieve the legal obligation. Owners facing financial hardship sometimes negotiate a payment plan with the board. Florida law does not require the association to offer one, but many boards will agree to installments if the owner pays interest and covers the association's administrative costs. The alternative for the association is foreclosure, which is expensive and time-consuming, so a payment plan that collects the money over 12 or 24 months often makes sense for both sides. The time to avoid or reduce a special assessment is before the vote. Owners should attend the board meeting where the assessment is proposed, review the engineer's report and contractor bids, and ask whether the board explored alternatives. Could the project be phased over two years to spread the cost? Could the association take a loan instead of a lump-sum assessment? Is there insurance coverage (for storm damage) or a manufacturer's warranty (for a failed component) the board hasn't claimed? Are the bids competitive, or did the board sole-source the contract to a vendor who's overcharging? If the assessment requires a membership vote, owners can vote no. That's the blunt instrument. But voting no doesn't make the problem go away; it just delays it. If the building needs a new roof and the membership votes down the assessment, the board can't authorize the work, the roof continues to leak, interior damage spreads, and the eventual cost grows. A smarter strategy is to approve the assessment but demand transparency on spending, competitive bidding, and a commitment from the board to fully fund reserves going forward so the next repair doesn't require another special assessment. Some Florida associations have explored special assessment insurance policies, which reimburse owners if a covered event (usually a named storm or other insured peril) triggers a special assessment. These policies are narrow: they don't cover deferred maintenance, code upgrades, or ordinary end-of-life replacements, only sudden insured losses. Premiums are high because the carriers know Florida condos are assessment-prone, and coverage caps are often too low to cover a major structural repair. It's a niche product that helps in limited scenarios but is not a substitute for proper reserve funding.

What happens if owners can't afford the special assessment?

The association's first move is a demand letter, then a lien filing. If the owner still doesn't pay, the association can foreclose on the unit under §718.116 ^[1]. Florida law gives condo and HOA associations a "super lien" for up to 12 months of unpaid assessments that takes priority over even the first mortgage, so the association can often recover its money at a foreclosure sale. In practice, large special assessments force some owners to sell. If the assessment is $40,000 and the owner doesn't have the cash, they list the unit and hope to close before the lien goes to foreclosure. Buyers in Florida now routinely ask for reserve study and milestone inspection reports during due diligence, so units in buildings with known deferred maintenance sell at a discount. The seller effectively pays the special assessment out of a reduced sale price. Some owners try to discharge the assessment in bankruptcy. It's tricky. If the owner files Chapter 7, the bankruptcy stay halts foreclosure temporarily, but the assessment debt remains and the association can resume collection once the bankruptcy closes. If the owner files Chapter 13, the payment plan can include the assessment, but the owner must stay current on new assessments going forward or the association can ask the court to lift the stay and proceed with foreclosure ^[6]. A handful of Florida buildings have seen de facto mass defaults where 20 or 30 percent of owners simply stop paying after a huge assessment. The association ends up holding multiple units through foreclosure, which tanks the building's financial statements and makes it harder to get new insurance or loan approvals. In the worst cases, the association itself becomes insolvent and requires a receiver or a sale of the entire building. That outcome is rare, but it happened in a few older South Florida condos post-Surfside. The long-term fix is better reserve planning so future special assessments are smaller and more predictable. If the reserve study says the building needs $5,000 per unit per year in reserve contributions to avoid assessments, the board should levy that amount as part of the regular monthly budget. Owners can budget for $400 a month a lot more easily than a $40,000 surprise bill.

How do loan financing and reserve relief programs affect special assessments?

Some Florida associations have chosen to finance major repairs with a loan instead of a special assessment. The board takes out a commercial loan secured by a lien on all units, pays the contractor, and repays the loan over five or ten years with higher monthly assessments. Owners pay more each month, but the up-front cash hit is zero. Whether this is a good deal depends on the interest rate and the owners' cash positions. If the loan rate is 7 percent and owners can get a home equity line at 6 percent, it's cheaper for each owner to borrow individually and pay the assessment. If many owners have no equity or poor credit and can't borrow at all, the association loan spreads the burden and keeps everyone in their units. Florida's reserve fund relief program has also offered some breathing room. After Surfside, the legislature created a temporary hardship exemption allowing associations to phase in the new reserve requirements over several years if an immediate full-funding mandate would cause financial distress. The law lets boards petition for relief and delay certain reserve milestones, but it doesn't eliminate the requirement. The building still has to reach full funding eventually, just on a slower schedule ^[7]. In practice, reserve relief helps associations that were 10 or 20 percent funded avoid an immediate massive special assessment to jump to 100 percent. Instead, they levy a smaller special assessment now and raise monthly contributions over five years to reach the target. It's still painful, but less catastrophic than a six-figure bill with 60 days to pay. The catch is that reserve relief only applies to the statutory reserve funding requirement. If the milestone or SIRS engineer says the building must complete $2 million in structural repairs by March 2025, the board can't delay that work because it conflicts with the reserve phase-in schedule. The repairs have to happen regardless of the reserve balance, so the board either levies a special assessment or takes a loan to meet the statutory deadline. Reserve relief helps smooth the transition to full funding; it does not buy more time to fix dangerous structural defects.

What should board members communicate to owners before and after a special assessment?

Transparency prevents panic. The worst board move is to drop a $30,000 special assessment on owners with no warning, no data, and no alternatives. Owners assume the board is corrupt, incompetent, or both. They hire lawyers, recall campaigns start, and the board spends six months fighting procedural battles instead of fixing the building. The better approach is a six- to twelve-month communication plan. When the reserve study or milestone inspection report first lands, the board should share the full document with owners and host a meeting with the engineer to explain the findings. Put the report on the association's website or resident portal. Give owners time to read it, ask questions, and understand that the special assessment is not a board vendetta; it's the consequence of years of underfunding or a statutory repair deadline the association cannot ignore. Before the vote, circulate the contractor bids, the financing options the board considered (special assessment vs. loan vs. phased work), and a breakdown of how the assessment amount was calculated. Show owners the math: total project cost, existing reserves, any insurance proceeds, and the net shortfall divided by number of units. If the declaration allocates assessments by unit size or share percentage, show each unit type's bill. After the vote, give owners a payment schedule and clear instructions on how to pay. Many associations use a third-party payment processor or escrow account for large special assessments to keep the funds separate from operating accounts. Update owners monthly on the project's progress: permits filed, work started, inspections passed, money spent. If the contractor runs into surprises and the cost increases, tell owners immediately and explain the change. Boards should also explain what the association is doing to prevent the next special assessment. Did the board commit to full reserve funding going forward? Is there a multi-year capital plan? Will future roof or elevator replacements come out of reserves, not another special assessment? Owners want to know the pain they're suffering buys long-term stability. BoardDeadline's $199 Compliance Kit includes owner communication templates, meeting checklists, and a timeline tool that helps boards coordinate the reserve study, milestone inspection, contractor bids, and membership votes so nothing falls through the cracks. The kit won't make a $50,000 special assessment popular, but it gives boards a structured process to explain why it's necessary and what happens next. More at /board-kit-builder.

Frequently asked questions

What is a reserve study for an HOA?

A reserve study for an HOA is a financial and physical analysis of the association's common property (roads, pools, clubhouses, gates) that estimates the remaining life and replacement cost of each major component and calculates the annual reserve contribution needed to pay for replacements without a special assessment. HOAs in Florida are not required by statute to conduct reserve studies unless the community includes three-story buildings, but boards should commission one every five to ten years as sound practice.

What are HOA assessments?

HOA assessments are the regular fees (monthly or quarterly) each homeowner pays to cover the association's operating expenses and, if applicable, contributions to reserves for future capital repairs. The amount is set by the board based on an annual budget and apportioned among members according to the recorded declaration. Assessments are mandatory and become a lien on the property if unpaid, allowing the HOA to foreclose.

How much should an HOA have in reserves?

An HOA should have in reserves the amount specified by its reserve study to fully fund the repair or replacement of all major common-element components over their expected life. A well-funded reserve balance is typically 70 to 100 percent of the study's recommended fully funded target. For a mid-size HOA managing roads, pools, and a clubhouse, that might be $500,000 to $2 million depending on the age and condition of the infrastructure.

What is an HOA assessment?

An HOA assessment is a mandatory fee charged to each homeowner to fund the association's budget. Regular assessments cover operating costs like landscaping, insurance, and utilities. Special assessments are one-time charges levied for major repairs or projects when reserves are insufficient. Both are enforceable through liens and foreclosure under Florida Statutes ch. 720.

Can I refuse to pay a condo special assessment?

No. Once a special assessment is properly approved and noticed, it becomes a binding obligation on every unit owner. Refusing to pay gives the association the right to file a lien, charge late fees and interest, and ultimately foreclose on your unit under §718.116. If you face financial hardship, ask the board for a payment plan, but you cannot simply opt out.

Do condo special assessments show up on a credit report?

Not directly. Unpaid special assessments are a lien on the property, not a traditional debt reported to credit bureaus. However, if the association sues you for a money judgment and wins, that judgment may appear on your credit report. Foreclosure for unpaid assessments will also damage your credit severely because it results in loss of the property.

Can a condo board levy unlimited special assessments?

Technically yes for emergencies, but for non-emergency assessments the board must obtain owner approval (usually majority vote) unless the governing documents grant broader authority. Many older Florida condo declarations limit the board's power to levy assessments above a certain dollar threshold without a supermajority or unanimous owner vote. Always check your declaration and bylaws before assuming the board can act alone.

What is a reserve study?

A reserve study is a long-term analysis that identifies every major component a condo or HOA must maintain, estimates each component's remaining useful life and replacement cost, and calculates the annual reserve contribution required to pay for all future replacements without special assessments. Florida law requires condo associations in buildings three stories or taller to complete a reserve study at least every ten years and update it annually.

Are special assessments for storm damage tax-deductible?

No, not for a primary residence. The IRS does not allow homeowners to deduct HOA or condo assessments, special or regular, as personal expenses. If the unit is a rental property, you may deduct the special assessment as a rental expense on Schedule E. Even for storm damage, casualty loss deductions are now restricted to federally declared disaster areas and reduced by insurance reimbursement.

How long do I have to pay a special assessment?

The board sets the payment deadline when it levies the assessment, typically 30 to 90 days after the notice. Some boards allow installment payments over six or twelve months, especially for large amounts. If you don't pay by the deadline, the association will file a lien and begin collection, which adds late fees, interest, and attorney fees to your bill. Negotiate a payment plan early if you need more time.

Can I sell my condo before paying a special assessment?

Yes, but the lien travels with the property. Any unpaid special assessment becomes the buyer's obligation at closing unless you pay it off from the sale proceeds. Title companies will require the assessment to be paid or escrowed before they issue a clear title. In practice, the unpaid assessment reduces your net sale price because it's deducted at closing just like property taxes or a mortgage payoff.

What is the difference between a special assessment and a capital improvement assessment?

The terms are often used interchangeably. Both are one-time fees levied to pay for a specific project. Some boards call it a capital improvement assessment when the work adds value (a new pool, upgraded lobby) and a special assessment when the work is a repair (roof replacement, structural fix). Legally, Florida statutes treat them the same: the board must follow the approval and notice requirements in §718.116 or §720.308 regardless of what label it uses.

Do new buyers have to pay special assessments levied before they bought the unit?

Usually no, if the prior owner paid the assessment before closing. The lien attaches when the assessment is levied, so if the seller satisfies it before the sale, the new buyer takes title free of that debt. If the seller did not pay, the lien remains and the new buyer is responsible unless the purchase contract explicitly says otherwise. Always check the association's estoppel letter during due diligence to confirm no outstanding assessments.

Can the board waive my special assessment if I can't afford it?

No. Florida law requires all owners to pay assessments equally according to their unit's share or allocation in the declaration. The board has no authority to forgive one owner's debt and shift that burden to others. If you face genuine hardship, ask for a payment plan, but the total amount owed does not go away. Some associations have hardship funds or emergency assistance programs, but those are voluntary charity, not a waiver of the legal obligation.

Sources

1. Florida Senate, Statutes Ch. 718: Statutory authority for special assessments, 14-day notice requirement, reserve funding mandates, and lien enforcement procedures for Florida condominiums.
2. Internal Revenue Service, Publication 530 (Tax Information for Homeowners): HOA and condo assessments are not deductible for primary residences; rental property owners may deduct assessments as ordinary and necessary expenses.
3. Community Associations Institute, National Reserve Study Standards: Reserve study cost ranges, percent-funded thresholds (70%+ healthy, below 50% high risk), and best practices for funding schedules.
4. Florida Senate, Statutes Ch. 720: Legal framework for homeowner association budgets, assessments, liens, and membership approval requirements in Florida.
5. United States Courts, Bankruptcy Basics: Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy procedures, automatic stay rules, and treatment of secured debts including HOA liens.
6. Florida Senate, SB 4-D (2022 Special Session): Creation of temporary reserve funding relief and phase-in provisions for Florida condominium associations facing immediate financial hardship from new reserve requirements.
7. Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation, Division of Condominiums: State regulatory agency overseeing condo associations, including reserve study requirements, milestone inspection deadlines, and financial reporting.